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Secular Music ** The Light in the Forest Background Historical Information ** **Brooke Gerlach**

**Colony Life in the 18th Century **

**Colony life in the 18th century was limited in entertainment resources. Most times, at gatherings, settlers would have musicians play, dancing, and food. For the most part, music was a relatively normal form of entertainment. Although these sources are from the early 19th century, here are some examples of the sheet music of their time.** Secular Music American Music 1820-1860

Because settlers at this time were inundated with thoughts of starting a new life in a new country, Native Americans, and British control, they depended mostly on sheet music brought over from Great Britain.

**Native American Music** Settlers were not the only ones using music as entertainment. Native Americans also incorporated music into daily life through rituals and ceremonies, as well as entertainment. Although not recorded, here are two examples of sheet music written for Native Americans in the first part of the 19th century.

Native Americans have traditionally valued music. Please visit this site to hear some interviews with Native Americans and some [|musical selections.]

** Native American Background Sources ** The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 This can be a gateway to other sources. Students think of the “Wild West” as California. However, with this site, students are able to see how Ohio was a “wild” west. As a starting point, this allows students exploration through a portal rich with primary sources.

 ** Pictures Depict Shawanose Chiefs ** 1 2 3

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;"> 1. Ca-Ta-He-Cas-Sa, principal chief of the Shawanese <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">2. Qua-Ta-Wa-Pea, a Shawnoe chief <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">3. Cherokee chief, Kish-Kal-Wa, a Shawanoe chief.


 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">These pictures can introduce to students the way Indians were visually captured after living with the settlers and with their influence. Obviously not in traditional Native American attire, these chiefs are representative of the tribes within the novel, //__The Light in the Forest.__//

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">[|Colonel Bouquet] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">Colonel Bouquet, a primary player in the novel who retrieves white captives from the Delaware Indians, writes his memoirs of his travels. Students can compare the historical writings with that of the novel’s author. Was the research of the author substantiated, or was the material embellished for literary purposes? <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">Settlement of land <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">Settlements started occurring around the same time the massacre happened. Between the Monongahela and the Youghigheny rivers, students can focus on the settlement and what actually happened. Again, the literary representation and the historical value come into question.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">Picture of Massacre <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 98%; text-align: left;">Although the massacre depicted is not that of the one in Lancaster, it shows students the mindset of the Indians. Settlers and Indians both had “blood on their hands” when it came to attacking and defending what was theirs. This picture may give students an idea of the hand-to-hand combat and tools used in combat. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 0%;">** Narrative of Indian Prisoner ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;">A memoir of John Tanner, a settler who lived among the Indians, this primary source gives students the inside of what can really happen when in captivity. The novel starts when the prisoner is being returned, omitting much of the captivity.

<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 168%; text-align: center;">What Made the Relations Between the Settlers and the Indians so Tense? <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 200%; text-align: center;">**__The Walking Purchase__** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Photographs:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|Signatures on the Walking Purchase Treaty]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|William Penn at a signing of a treaty]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|William Penn signing a treaty]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|Lenape Chief Teedyuscung]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|Penn's Treaty]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">[|Thomas Penn, Esq.]

Reading the Fine Print: Delaware Indians found out it was difficult to believe the settlers. The maps on these sites will prove why.

•Historical maps may help you to gain insight on the magnitude of the land the settlers were taking over. •[|Revolution Era Historical Maps] [|United States Map] •[|British Empire in America] •[|Territorial Growth Map 1775] •[|Territorial Growth Map 1870]